THINKER'S ALMANAC - October 18

How can four letters of the alphabet help you to understand yourself and others better?

 

Subject: Personality - Myers Briggs 

Event: Birthday of Isabel Briggs Myers, 1897

Personality is the supreme realization of the innate idiosyncrasy of a living being. It is an act of high courage flung in the face of life, the absolute affirmation of all that constitutes the individual, the most successful adaptation to the universal conditions of existence coupled with the greatest possible freedom for self-determination. -Carl Jung

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a questionnaire that helps people understand their psychological preferences and identify distinct characteristics of their personalities.  Since it was first developed in 1944, the MBTI has become one of the most popular personality assessments.  Its questionnaire is published in 29 different languages in 115 countries.  

The MBTI was created by the mother-daughter team of Katharine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers, who was born on this day in 1897.  Despite the fact that neither had formal psychological training, both were fascinated by the topic of personality.  Katharine first gained notoriety as a writer when she wrote a parenting column in the 1920s; her primary subject was the details of how she was raising and educating her daughter Isabel.  When Isabel left home for college, Katharine became depressed and began reading the works of Carl Jung.  Jung’s theory of psychological types captivated Katharine, and she adapted his work to develop her own method of categorizing personality types.  

The key to the success of MBTI, however, came later when Katharine collaborated with Isabel to develop a questionnaire with 117 questions that would help people identify the individual indicators of their personality.  Katharine sold her system to Edward N. Hay in 1944, and the timing could not have been better.  The post-World War II jobs boom made the MBTI an easy instrument to sell as businesses looked for effective ways to fill jobs with workers who were the right fit.

                                                                   Image by Gordon Johnson from Pixabay 

The MBTI is organized around four dichotomies of personality preferences:

I. Energy - How do you acquire energy, and are you more outwardly or more inwardly focused?  

-Extrovert (Energized by spending time with people:  social, active, expressive, outspoken)

-Introvert (Energized by spending time alone or in a small group: independent, reserved, thoughtful)

II. Information - How do you take in information about your world? 

-Sensing (Interested in empirical, concrete information, what can be directly perceived by the five senses.  Hands-on, realistic, practical, sequential, detail-oriented).

-Intuition (Interested in abstract thinking, such as concepts or theories:  future and big picture oriented, idealistic, creative)

III. Decision Making - How do you prefer to make decisions?  

-Thinking (Make decisions based on reason and logic:  objective, rational)

-Feeling (Make decisions with the heart: subjective, compassionate, seek harmony)

IV. Order/Organization - How do you prefer to get things done and to live your life? 

-Judging (Appreciate order, structure, and planning.  Like rules and following a process.

-Perceiving (Appreciate flexibility and spontaneity. Like to improvise and embrace surprises and novelty) (1)

Recall, Retrieve, Recite, Ruminate, Reflect, Reason:  What are the four dichotomies of the MBTI?

Challenge - Your Four: For each of the four dichotomies, assess your own personality.  Which do you think sums you up the best?

Extrovert (E) or Introvert (I), 

Sensing (S) or Intuition (N), 

Thinking (T) or Feeling (F), 

Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)

Once you have determined your four preferences, do some research on your four letter combination (There are sixteen different possible combinations.  Explain whether or not the descriptions you find about your four letter combination fit what you know about your own personality.

ALSO ON THIS DAY:

October 18, 1922:  On this day, the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) was formed.  In its almost one hundred years as the United Kingdom’s public-service broadcast service on both radio and television, it has been responsible for propagating what is known as Received Pronunciation.  What the printing press did for making written English standard, the BBC has done for making spoken British English standard.  With a variety of regional dialects of English in the United Kingdom, the BBC created an Advisory Committee on Spoken English in 1926 to explore and establish the best forms of pronunciation among competing usages.  The influence and popularity of BBC broadcasts, especially during World War II, established the English spoken on air as the “correct” way to speak English.  This Received Pronunciation goes by several names:  “Standard English,” “the Queen’s English,” “Oxford English,” “Public School English,” or “BBC English.”

Sources:

1-https://forge.medium.com/the-capitalist-origins-of-the-myers-briggs-personality-test-309187757d4e

THINKER'S ALMANAC - October 11

What can a cherry tree teach us about the nature of writing history and thinking about the past? 

Subject:  Apocryphal Anecdotes and Hagiography - Washington’s Cherry Tree

Event:  Birthday of Parson Weems, 1759

Today is the birthday of Parson Weems (1759-1825), the man who might be called “The Father of the Father of Our Country.” It was Weems’ biography of Washington that first published the story of young George Washington and the cherry tree.

Parson Weems, also known as Mason Locke Weems, was a book agent, author, and ordained Episcopal priest.  His primary employment was as a book salesman.  When George Washington died in 1799, Weems saw an opportunity.  He thought that a biography of the venerated first president would be a big seller.  Weems published The Life of Washington in 1800, one year after Washington’s death. Excerpts of Weems’ biography were later included in the enormously popular McGuffey Readers, the most widely read elementary textbook from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century (1).

 

                                                            Image by Welcome to All ! ツ from Pixabay 

One of the excerpts included in the McGuffey Reader was Weems’ account of the cherry tree incident, an anecdote that Weems claimed he got from one of Washington’s distant relatives:

One day, in the garden, where he often amused himself hacking his mother’s pea-sticks, he unluckily tried the edge of his hatchet on the body of a beautiful young English cherry-tree, which he barked so terribly, that I don’t believe the tree ever got the better of it. The next morning [an] old gentleman, finding out what had befallen his tree, which, by the by, was a great favourite, came into the house; and with much warmth asked for the mischievous author, declaring at the same time, that he would not have taken five guineas for his tree. Nobody could tell him anything about it. Presently George and his hatchet made their appearance. “George,” said his father, “do you know who killed that beautiful little cherry tree yonder in the garden? ” This was a tough question; and George staggered under it for a moment; but quickly recovered himself: and looking at his father, with the sweet face of youth brightened with the inexpressible charm of all-conquering truth, he bravely cried out, “I can’t tell a lie, Pa; you know I can’t tell a lie. I did cut it with my hatchet.” “Run to my arms, you dearest boy,” cried his father in transports, “run to my arms; glad am I, George, that you killed my tree; for you have paid me for it a thousand fold. Such an act of heroism in my son is more worth than a thousand trees, though blossomed with silver, and their fruits of purest gold.” (2)

The historical veracity of this anecdote is questionable. Certainly by modern standards of historical research, Weems’ citation of a single distant and unnamed relative makes it dubious.  To be exact, however, we cannot call it a myth nor a total falsehood.  What we can call it is apocryphal — that is, a story that is widely circulated as true, yet is of doubtful authenticity.  The adjective derives from the Greek apokryphos, meaning “hidden or obscure.”  Another relative of the word is the Latin noun Apocrypha, a word used to identify the books excluded from the canon of the Old and New Testaments.

No doubt a part of a story’s appeal is its foundation in truth, but often we can sniff out an apocryphal story if it sounds just too good to be true.  This is the nature of stories we call legends, stories based on actual characters from history but that cannot be verified as true.  If we try to classify Meeks’ Washington story on the continuum of narrative between fact and fiction, the most accurate term would be legend.

Another term that relates to our tendency to craft subjective rather than objective narratives is hagiography, a term that originated from the traditional religious practice of crafting idealized biographies of saints, monks, nuns, or other icons within a religion.  Because historical figures like Washington were so revered for their contributions to the founding of the United States, some writers, like Meeks, framed them subjectively, exaggerating their virtues while ignoring any of their vices.

Recall, Retrieve, Recite, Ruminate, Reflect, Reason:  What is hagiography, and how does it relate to objective history and the story of Washington chopping down the cherry tree?

Challenge - Bogus Back Stories: What are the keys to creating a story that sounds believable enough to be really true?  Try your own hand at a little fact-based fiction by selecting a well-known person who is no longer living.  Think about what you know about that person’s character; then, craft an anecdote that seeks to explain a defining incident in the person’s youth that formed his or her character.  Include a plausible setting and vivid enough details to make it believable.  Share your story with some of your friends to see if they can detect any dubious details. 

Sources: 

1- Richardson, Jay. “The Cherry Tree Myth.” Mount Vernon.org. 2-Weems, Mason Locke. 

2-The Fable of George Washington and the Cherry Tree. 1809. Washington Papers. University of Virginia. Public Domain.